Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms, like alcohol fuels, waste, and wood. It is a renewable energy source because the energy it contains comes from the sun. Biomass is the oldest source of renewable energy known to humans and supplies almost 15 times as much energy in the United States as wind and solar power combined. Biomass energy has been used since people began burning wood to cook food and keep warm. There are a lot of different biomass energy resources, including food crops, residues from agriculture or forestry, oil-rich algae, the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes, and grassy and woody plants. However, the largest biomass energy resource today is still wood. Biomass sources provide about 3 percent of all energy consumed in the United States and globally, biomass meets about 14 percent of the world´s energy needs. It can be used for power production, fuels and products that would be made from fossil fuels. Biomass energy increases soil quality and reduces erosion, reduces air and water pollution, and improves wildlife habitat. The biomass is reduced, recycled and then reused, which is environmentally friendly. Biomass is a part of the carbon cycle and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 90 percent compared with fossil fuels. Using biomass can help reduce global warming, and plants to make biomass can be grown over and over. Biofuels are the only renewable liquid transportation fuels available and the use of biomass can reduce dependence on foreign oil. Fewer pesticides and fertilizers are used to grow energy crops and it reduces water pollution. Energy crops improve soil quality and can create better wildlife habitat than food crops. Burning biomass releases almost the same amount of carbon dioxide as burning fossil fuels and the use of biomass energy has the potential to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Europe's most important medical trade fairs
The world's largest medical trade fair is the MEDICA in Dusseldorf, where each year about six hundred speakers introduce the latest medical knowledge of their discipline and some three hundred suppliers present their latest discoveries and developments. Outpatient as well as inpatient technological tools up to new digital processes of health care are presented in Dusseldorf. So, all in all the entire modern achievements of world medicine are showcased there.
http://cadmodels.org/?q=rolf_albern-medical_tradeshows_in_europe
Web-Based Tools: Interactive Whiteboards
Several internet tools are being used to improve client relations such as Whiteboard and Desktop Sharing. An interactive whiteboard is a digital device capable of interacting with a computer and projecting images in a screen. This device is used for visual presentation in classrooms, workgroups and business meetings. An interactive whiteboard needs to be connected to a computer which generates the actual images or data which are then projected to the board. Most interactive whiteboards have keyboard and mouse functionalities, but some models are capable of white boarding functions like character recognition so notes can be written or recorded on the physical board itself. http://cadmodels.org/
Interactive whiteboards are also suitable for the implementation of a course that is precisely prepared and equipped with media elements, as it is always possible to intervene in a presentation and to adjust or change it by handwritten comments, emphasis or the insertion of alternative elements. The prepared presentation thus still remains open for spontaneous changes, ideas and contributions of the participants and of course they can also be permantenly captured. http://minhoff.de/PWP/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID=416
Rolf Albern: Silicone
The term silicone was coined by Frederick Kipping, who pioneered the study of the organic compounds of silicon. Silicones are nonstick, rubber-like and heat-resistant compounds commonly used in lubricants, adhesives, cookware, insulation, sealants, medical applications, and breast implants. They are very stable and resist the effects of heat, water and oxidizing agents. Silicones are any of a diverse class of elastomers, fluids or resins based on polymerized siloxanes, substances whose molecules consist of chains made of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms. http://cadmodels.org/?q=silicone
Rolf Albern: The History Of The Electric Car
After 1920 the decline of the electric car was brought about by several developments. Due to the better system of roads which now connected cities, vehicles were needed for long-distance drives. However, electric cars were not adapted for covering longer distances. Apart from that the production of the electric car was more expensive than that of the gasoline car and thanks to the discovery of Texas oil fuel went down in price so that it became affordable to the average consumer. As a result the electric car almost disappeared by the end of the 20th century. http://carstudies.com/
Gazprom, OPEC and GECF
Gazprom, the biggest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest company in Russia, accounts for about 93 percent of Russian natural gas production. With reserves of 28,800 km3, it controls 16 percent of the world's gas reserves. With 119 billion barrels of reserves, Gazprom ranks behind only Saudi Arabia, with 263 billion barrels, and Iran, with 133 billion barrels, as the world's biggest owner of oil and oil equivalent in natural gas. http://fuelstudies.org/gazprom_opec_gecf.html
Water Everywhere, but What to Drink?
Health conscious people seek the purest and healthiest sources of sustenance. Organically grown food sources are much in demand. We prefer our food fresh cooked and seasoned to taste. We want our coffee fresh brewed. So what about our water? http://cadmodels.org/?q=water_filtration_and_distillation
Athabasca Oil Sands
According to statistics taken in 2006, The United States consumes 20,588 barrels of crude oil per day. Send to the USA, China consumes 7,274 barrels of crude oil per day. Japan consumes 5,222, Russia consumes 3,103, Germany consumes 2,630, India consumes 2,534, Canada consumes 2,218, Brazil consumes 2,183, South Korea consumes 2,157, Saudi Arabia (OPEC) consumes 2,068, Mexico consumes 2,030, France consumes 1,972, United Kingdom consumes 1,816, Italy consumes 1,709 and Iran (OPEC) consumes 1,627 barrels of crude oil per day. Together this equals 59,131 barrels of crude oil per day.
Newly highlighted extra heavy oil resources, such as the Orinoco oil belt north of the Orinoco River in eastern Venezuela, the Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta Canada and Utah's Tar Sand Resource, have been gaining our attention. It is estimated that he Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta Canada, the second largest tar sand oil reserve in the world has 175 billion barrels of crude oil. http://fuelstudies.com/
Clean-up and Repair of Existing 3D CAD Data
3D CAD data can be defined as the electronic file information used by 3D CAD and CAM manufacturing programs. 3D CAD programs are used to develop various kinds of mechanical parts and assemblies within a simulated "real world" environment, the files from which can then be "exported" or "translated" into other formats for the purposes of evaluating, prototyping or manufacturing the actual product. While the part or product designs are being managed within the native 3D CAD file format by the designer or author, the data is deemed "flexible" or "editable" which means that changes to part or product geometry can be easily made. The CAM programs used to physically make parts designed in 3D CAD programs often require file exchange formats that render data into a "fixed" or "un-editable" state. The most common 3D CAD data file exchange formats include IGES, STEP, and STL which can be used in a number of different manufacturing processes and 3D CAD / CAM programs. In certain cases the file export or translation process can result in errors usually on the receiving end of such data. [read more]
Rolf Albern - Biodegradability
Biodegradable means being able to be broken down into more basic components by fungi, bacteria or other simple organisms. Most chemicals are biodegradable but it takes different amount of time to break down, for example a piece of bread will break down rather quickly, and a piece of plastic will take decades and beyond. A majority of products are made mostly of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; and the ideal final products would be Carbon Dioxide(CO2) and Water (H2O). Piece of bread after breaking down from complex sugars to simpler sugars, will degrade to CO2 and H2O. [read more]
Osmotic Power
The osmotic pressure between salted and fresh water as well as between water of different salinity varies. Osmotic power takes an advantage of this circumstance and among others, one method of generating energy by utilizing the disparity in the osmotic pressure of differently salted water is the Pressure-Retarded-Osmosis (PRO). In PRO, seawater is pumped into a pressure chamber in which the pressure is lower than the osmotic pressure difference between fresh or lower salted water and water of high salinity. Fresh water or water of low salinity flows through a semipermeable membrane and by doing so, it increases the pressure within the chamber. Due to the increased pressure a turbine can be spun in order to generate energy. [read more]
2D to 3D CAD Conversion
Start-up ventures, inventors, and small companies may have product ideas, concepts, patents, or core technologies that are the basis of a new product development effort. Accordingly, many product development programs begin without either 2D (three dimensional) or 3D (three dimensional) CAD models. It is typical in these environments not to have professional CAD capabilities. Many business success stories tell of conversations over coffee sketching on a napkin. Good ideas can come from anywhere and anyone including from people with diverse backgrounds that do not necessarily include product or business development experience. At some point, people with entrepreneurial aspirations will seek the services of professional CAD designers, engineers, for prototyping and manufacturing capabilities. http://cadmodels.biz/
Kettlerow - Plastic
The word plastic derives from the Greek plastikos- fit for molding and plastos- molded. Plastic is a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic amorphous solid materials suitable for the industrial or commercial products. Plastics are polymers of high molecular mass, that may contain other substances to reduce costs or improve performance. Modern manufacturing processes allow them to be pressed, cast, or extruded into different kinds of shapes—such as bottles, fibers, boxes, plates, films, and much more. http://cadmodels.org/?q=plastic
Rolf Albern: Solar Energy
Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar energy for thermal energy and it is different from photovoltaics, which convert solar energy directly into electricity. There are many applications of solar thermal energy such as drying, heating and water distillation.
Many solar thermal technologies have existed for centuries and have established manufacturing bases in many sun-rich countries. Manufacturing can be done on a small scale without using expensive equipment. In 2008 solar thermal energy industry in Europe has grown over 60%. http://energysourcefacts.org/solar_energy_solar_thermal_energy.html
Kettlerow - Automotive Future
The first decade of the 21st century marks a sea change in consciousness of Green marketed products. While many great strides have been made since the 60's in technology to improve water, earth, and air quality, Green has become a signature for the marketing of eco-friendly products. While European automakers have focused upon high efficiency diesel engines, American's have been taken by the introduction of Hybrid-Electric vehicles. Hybrid-Electrics were promoted vigorously by Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass Colorado, a Green research organization. Technologically, the European diesels rival the Hybrids in overall efficiency, yet the Hybrid has become a personal signature statement in Green consciousness in America. http://carstudies.com/future_of_automobile_design.html
Kettlerow: Tidal Energy
Tidal power is a form of hydro power utilizing the energy of tides for the generation of eco-friendly electricity. In spite of the fact that it is not yet widely used, tidal power definitely has potential for future electricity generation. Compared with solar power as well as wind energy, an advantage of tidal power can be seen in the circumstance that tides are more predictable than wind or the sun. Tides have their origin in the tidal forces generated by the moon and the sun on the one hand as much as the rotation of the earth on the other hand. For this reason tidal power which is classified as a renewable energy source, is practically inexhaustible. For the generation of electricity the strength of tides is of great importance. http://energysourcefacts.org/what_is_tidal_power.html
Wind Energy
China may have been the birthplace of the windmill. The earliest actual documentation of a Chinese windmill was in 1219 A.D. by the Chinese statesman Yehlu Chhu-Tshai. It is assumed to have been used primarily for grain grinding and water pumping.
A vertical axis system called panemone device was developed in Persia about 500-900 A.D. It was apparently used for water pumping. The first document design features vertical sails made of bundles of reeds or wood which were attached to the central vertical shaft by horizontal struts. http://energysourcefacts.org/
Water Filtration and Distillation
The earth is a watery planet. Two thirds of the earth surface is ocean. The land is covered with lakes, rivers, and streams. The earth is like a sponge soaking up rain. Water collects in aquifers deep below and flows downward to join lakes and oceans. Human bodies range from about 60 to 80 percent water content. Water is the fluid that carries nourishment to living cells of organisms that depend upon it to sustain life. http://cadmodels.org/?q=water_filtration_and_distillation
Jatropha Biofuel
Jatropha is a leading source of biofuel, which is widely used in Brazil, India and Philippines. It has been tested on Continental Airlines and Air New Zealand, and it powers trains between New Delhi and Mumbai.
A few of energy companies are investing in cultivating jatropha trees, which are estimated to yield two gallons of oil per season.
Jatropha oil can be processed to produce a high-quality biodiesel that can be used in a standard diesel car. Press cake contains potassium, nitrogen and phosphorous and can be processed and used as fertilizer, as well as biomass feedstock to power electricity plants. http://fuelstudies.org/jatropha_biofuel.html
Algae Biofuel
Record oil price increases since 2003 have been turning consumers to alternative fuels such as biodiesel, ethonol and even vegetable oil as the answer. Many have looked at the possibility of growing more oilseed crops as a solution to the problem of peak oil prices. Due to the fact that oilseed crops are not the most productive or efficient source of vegetable oil and the growing demand for food and the growing issue of the world food crisis, growing more oilseed crops for the production of biodiesel as an alternative to petrodiesel seems a bit impractical. Similar problems exist with most alternative fuels. Other solutions have been researched such as retrieving energy from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water from which the primary waste product is brackish water. (known as "salinity gradient power" and "osmotic power") http://fuelstudies.org/
Sustainable Cities
There's been a lot of talk of a futuristic and historically monumental planned city being built in the United Arab Emirates. I'm referring, of course, to the "zero carbon", "zero waste", "car free" Masdar City. Initiated in 2006, the project is projected to cost US$22 billion and take some eight years to build, with the first phase scheduled to be complete and habitable in 2009. Designed by the British architectural firm Foster + Partners, the city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The city is being constructed 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside Abu Dhabi International Airport. The city will cover 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi) on a site 6.4 km² (2.5 sq mi) in size and will be home to 50,000 people and 1,500 businesses, primarily commercial and manufacturing facilities specializing in environmentally-friendly products. http://ecoskimple.com/